beef production environmental impact

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy, Centro di ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Italy. Meat and Dairy Production - Our World in Data 1. Life cycle assessment (LCA) research method was used for assessing environmental impacts of large-scale cultured meat production. It is interesting to note that in the case of the Bonsmara and Drakensberger breeds, the genetic trends were larger than the phenotypic trends. The low R2 found for some of the traits (Table 2) may be due to a lack of sufficient data and/or demonstrates that there was no trend for the specific trait. This study demonstrated that modern beef production in the USA requires considerably less resources than the equivalent production systems in 1977. Keywords: mature cow weight, fertility, large stock unit, production trends, weaning weight, Citation: Jordaan FJ, Neser FWC, Maiwashe A, King Z and Scholtz MM (2021) The Environmental Impact of Changes in Cow Productivity and Its Component Traits in South Africa's Landrace Beef Breeds. This adds to the environmental. The characteristics of the beef production systems all over the world are analyzed, together with the goal and scope, the types of analysis (methods for the evaluation of the carbon footprint), the functional units generally implemented for the analyses, the allocation methods, and the uncertainties of the studies. Climate change: Do I need to stop eating meat? - BBC News Anim. 2022 Oct 6;12(19):2687. doi: 10.3390/ani12192687. Sci Total Environ 718:137273, Arrieta EM, Cabrol DA, Cuchiettia A, Gonzlez AD (2020) Biomass consumption and environmental footprints of beef cattle production in Argentin. Factors such as digestibility of feed, quality and quantity of grazing all have indirect effects on animals. Animals 14(S3):427437, Pelletier N, Pirog R, Rasmussen R (2010) Comparative life cycle environmental impacts of three beef production strategies in the Upper Midwestern United States. As they are produced in a sterile environment, there is less risk of contamination from disease and chemicals. Entry-points for environmental sustainability improvement are discussed within this broader development context. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v43i3.7. Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP) Partnership. Let us know in the comments below! Direct methane and nitrous emissions of South African dairy and beef. The fact that there was no detectable genetic change for ICP1-3 in all the breeds is an issue of concern. In the case of the Afrikaner, where the increase in cow productivity was the highest (18.3%), it resulted in more efficient breeding cows with less maintenance requirements per unit of product and thus reducing the carbon footprint of weaner calf production by 12%. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! This site needs JavaScript to work properly. (That . College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Sci. Current status, issues and trends. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Available online at: http://agtr.ilri.cgiar.org/Casestudy/case-mpofu-1-TuliBoran-31.htm (accessed January 7, 2020). It is only in the case of the Nguni that there is a clear negative phenotypic trend in MCW, indicating the cows became lighter. There is a large number of different indigenous (landrace) breeds in Southern Africa, which can survive the harsh local conditions, exhibit a low susceptibility to diseases, and with adaptation to other environmental conditions. Beef | Industries | WWF - World Wildlife Fund Detection of selection signatures and genes associated with fitness in South African Afrikaner and Brahman cattle [doctoral dissertation]. Mokolobate, M. C. (2015). It should be noted that the cow-calf production cycle is responsible for ~72% of the energy consumed in beef cattle from conception to slaughter (Ferrell and Jenkins, 1982). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). PMC Impact of age at first calving on performance traits in Irish beef herds. Sci. Lab-grown meat: How it's made, environmental impact and more | BBC (2013b). Careers. 61, 844855. Schoeman, S. J. Jordaan, F. J. These effects, because of climate change, may explain some of the antagonism found between the genetic, environmental, and phenotypic trends in the weight traits. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. A study by Capper (2011) compared the environmental impact of modern (2007) beef production in the USA with production practices of the beef production system in 1977. This detailed overview allows a critical analysis of the selected studies, which are discussed in the last section of the chapter. Lepen, J. M. (1996). Livestock breeding for sustainability to mitigate global warming, with the emphasis on developing countries. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Salmon Hatcheries | Lifeline For Struggling Rivers or an Ecological Burden? Since, the anticipated climate change will have a negative effect on the livestock production environments, it will become more important to match the genotype with the production environment. Requirements and guidelines for quantification and communication, Maria de Lis C, Cherubini E, Favarini Ruviaro C, Prudncio da Silva V, do Nascimento Lampert V, Spies A, Soares SR (2015) Carbon footprint of milk production in Brazil: a comparative case study. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. Since the genetic trends in ICP for all the breeds were very low for the period of 25 years, the environmental trend is largely a reflection of the phenotypic trend. None of the breeds showed a significant genetic trend for ICP1-3, indicating that there was no genetic improvement in this fertility trait. This contribution is of particular importance in marginal areas, where agro-ecological conditions and weak infrastructures do not offer much alternative. A new study shows how the effects. The Multiplication of Africa's Indigenous Cattle Breeds Internationally: The Story of the Tuli and Boran Breeds. The aim of some Nguni breeders is also not to change the breed, but keep it as nature has formed it. According to the Environmental Working Group (EWG), the production, processing and distribution of meat requires huge outlays of . Beef production carries an enormous environmental footprint, contributing to land and water degradation, deforestation, acid rain, biodiversity loss, and even the degeneration of coral reef. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Glob Chall. This is probably the result of not selecting breeding stock based on performance but rather on type. Carbon footprint = 94/(Calving percentage 205-day weaning weight/LSU). The physical science basis. Mdyogolo, S. (2021). Table 3. (1996) that herd-year-season by sire interaction should be included in the estimation of genetic parameters in Bonsmara cattle and that of Neser et al. doi: 10.2527/jas1985.614844x, Frisch, J. E. (1981). 2023 Jan 3;101:skad024. Anim. A comparison of the different trends in weaning weight (phenotypic, direct, maternal, and environmental) of the four breeds. In the case of WW a period of 30 years were studied and in the case of MCW and ICP a period of 25 years, since MCW was taken as the first weight after for years of age and ICP up to the third calf. A comparison of the changes in weaning weight (phenotypic, genetic-direct, genetic-maternal, and environmental) of the four breeds is presented in Figure 3. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v43i3.4, Scholtz, M. M., McManus, C., Leeuw, K.-J., Louvandini, H., Seixas, L., Demelo, C. B., et al. Not all farming practices are equally sustainable. Secondly, the relative emphasis on pre-weaning and post-weaning traits between the breeds may be a reason for the differences demonstrated. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Meat Sci 109:212, Costantini M, Vzquez-Rowe I, Manzardo A, Bacenetti J (2021) Environmental impact assessment of beef cattle production in semi-intensive systems in Paraguay. Beef production 'environmentally damaging' - study - RT XIII. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Animals 14(4):834845, Gonzlez-Garca S, Castanheira E, Dias AC, Arroja L (2013) Environmental performance of a Portuguese mature cheese making dairy mill. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v26i3.44322, Pyoos, G. M., Scholtz, M. M., Macneil, M. D., Theunissen, A., and Neser, F. W. C. (2020). This will result in natural pasture with both a lower nutritional value and lower tiller density than in temperate regions. In the case of the Bonsmara there was an increase of 17.5 kg in the MCW. doi: 10.1017/S175173110999070X. Global consumption of poultry . Raising meat takes vast quantities of feed. Its status as an, More milk, fewer farmers and a sinking demand: So why has the price of milk been falling? Epstein, H. (1971). Milk Production | What Really Drives the Price of Milk? Beef production is the leading cause of deforestation in tropical rainforests such as the Amazon, says food sustainability researcher Valentina Caldart. Fort Collins: Colorado State University; Center for Genetic Evaluation of Livestock. Garrick, D. J., and Enns, R. M. (2010). Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY, pp 111, IDFInternational Dairy Federation (2010) The world dairy situation 2010. Beef production is faced with a range of additional sustainability challenges, such as changing consumer perceptions, resilience to climate change, animal health and inequities in access to land and water resources. Tabelas Brasileiras de Composio de Alimentos para Bovinos. The burden of responsibility cannot fully fall on our shoulders its time for our governments to use the technology and knowledge they have available to ensure sustainable choices are easier for us to make. Main Report. Tomatoes in Italy: The Social Cost of Production, Desertification: The Vicious Cycle Between Land Degradation and Climate Change. The phenotypic, genetic and environmental trends of all the traits, for the four breeds are summarized in Table 2. Husb. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Advances of Footprint Family for Sustainable Energy and Industrial Systems, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76441-8_4, http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_synthesis_report.htm, http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg1.htm, http://www.economistinsights.com/opinion/meat-we-eat-lives-we-lift, http://www.sik.se/archive/pdf-filer-katalog/SR793.pdf, http://www.environdec.com/en/PCR/Detail/?Pcr=7842&id=158&epslanguage=en, http://gryphon.environdec.com/data/files/6/9730/epd495en%20COOP%20Italia%, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-75-0_2, www.climatechange2013.org/report/review-drafts/. Agric Syst 90:7998, Beauchemin KA, Janzen HH, Little SM, McAllister TA, McGinn SM (2011) Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from beef production in western Canadaevaluation using farm-based life cycle assessment. Environmental Impact of Beef Production Systems C. Buratti, E. Belloni & F. Fantozzi Chapter First Online: 17 July 2021 364 Accesses Part of the Green Energy and Technology book series (GREEN) Abstract Standard linear regression techniques were used to estimate the trends of the four breeds over time and the results are summarized in Table 2. Calving Percentage [derived from ICP] (205-day corrected weaning weight of calf/cow LSU). The Economist. A concrete example: a low-impact litre of cows milk uses almost twice as much land and creates almost double the emissions than the average liter of soy milk.1. It is important that similar studies be carried out on all the major beef breeds that are present in South Africa. Efficiency of Cows of Different Size and Milk Production Potential. Largest Contributors of Greenhouse Gases. Bulletin of International Dairy Federation Report no 446, Gollnow S, Lundie S, Moore AD, McLaren J, van Buuren N, Stahle P, Christie K, Thylmann D, Rehl T (2014) Carbon footprint of milk production from dairy cows in Australia. How Does Meat in the Diet Take an Environmental Toll? If cow productivity can be improved, it will have a mitigating effect on the production of greenhouse gases (GHG's), as higher cow productivity will probably lead to improved (higher) gross efficiency (Wall et al., 2010; Scholtz et al., 2011). African pastoralism: genetic imprints of origins and migrations Science 296, 336339. In all breeds, except for the Afrikaner, the environmental trends for WW205 were negative. However, it is important to understand what happened with production in these breeds over the past number of years and what the levels of productivity are within these breeds. Summary of the data set, indicating the number of herds, birth-, weaning- and mature cow weights, sires, and dams used in the genetic analyses. Cranfield University and Defra, Bedford, Available on www.silsoe.cranfield.ac.uk, and www.defra.gov.ukS, Alig M, Grandl F, Mieleitner J, Nemecek T, Gaillard G (2012) kobilanz von Rind-, Schweine- und Geflgelfleisch, Schlussbericht September 2012. Rural Dev. Paraguayan beef cattle farming is characterized by being developed mostly in pastures or grasslands, but recently the practice of finishing confined to feedlots has thrived. Should I stop eating meat then? Van der Westhuizen, R. R., Theron, H. E., Van der Westhuizen, J., Maiwaishe, A., and Jordaan, F. (2010). First, it requires large amounts of fresh water, which can cause significant environmental pressures in regions with water stress. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3784, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Dickerson, G. E., and Grimes, J. C. (1947). J Clean Prod 41:6573, LEAP (2016) Environmental performance of large ruminant supply chainsguide lines for assessment. This increase in MCW could possibly be attributed to correlated responses, which is the result of selection for other growth traits such as weaning weight and post-weaning growth. 13 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2021.743229, http://www.sbmaonline.org.br/~anais/v/palestras/pdfs/palest08.pdf, www.nbri.org.na/old/agricola_files/Agricola1996, https://www.sasas.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Mokolobate_vol-10_Issue_1, http://agtr.ilri.cgiar.org/Casestudy/case-mpofu-1-TuliBoran-31.htm, http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/PRM-4.pdf, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Environ Sci Technol 45:17731779, de Vries M, de Boer IJM (2010) Comparing environmental impacts for livestock products: a review of life cycle assessments. This may be an indication that the environment cannot support the higher weaning weights implicated by the genetic trends. Bookshelf ZK assisted with the preparation, data analysis, and preparation of the figures and manuscript. Out of total world food production, 57% of greenhouse gas emissions come from meat and dairy products. Beef makes a substantial contribution to food security, providing protein, energy and also essential micro-nutrients to human populations. Rome, IPCC (2013) The final draft report, dated 7 June 2013, of the working group I contribution to the IPCC 5th assessment report. 7 This translates into 2 . Likewise, the weaning percentage can be derived from the ICP. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad024. This may be of particular relevance in the case of breeds that import genetic material regularly. weaning weight, cow weight, and fertility (as measured by inter-calving period) was also investigated. The inclusion of herd-year-season by sire interaction in the estimation of genetic parameters in Bonsmara cattle. The Afrikaner, Bonsmara and Drakensberger breeds all show positive genetic trends for WW205-D with an increase of 7.0, 11.7, and 6.2 kg, respectively, over the 30-year period. Anim Front. However, the ICP decreased by almost 17 days, resulting in an improvement of 10% in cow productivity. Weaning weight and fertility of beef cattle raised extensively can be measured fairly easy, but it is not possible to measure the feed requirements to produce the calf directly. (2010). (2013) estimated the direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions of South African emerging and commercial beef cattle, using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 approach. FJ prepared the data for analysis and analyzed the data under the guidance of FN and MS. FJ, MS, FN, and AM contributed to interpretation of the results. (2015). Cow productivity, defined as kilogram calf weaned per large stock unit mated, increased by 18.3, 10.0, 14.2, and 10.4% in the Afrikaner, Bonsmara, Drakensberger, and Nguni, respectively. Beef Sustainability - Beef - It's What's For Dinner doi: 10.4236/as.2012.37113, Makina, S. O., Whitacre, L. K., Decker, J. E., Taylor, J. F., MacNeil, M. D., Scholtz, M. M., et al. Available online at: https://www.sasas.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Mokolobate_vol-10_Issue_1. IPCC Fourth assessment report. In: Muthu S (eds) Assessment of carbon footprint in different industrial sectors, vol 2. Environmental and biodiversity effects of different beef production Sci. Meat Production and Consumption: Environmental Consequences Direct genetic trend for weaning weight in the four landrace breeds. Any reduction in the carbon footprint of beef production will contribute to future sustainability. The fixed factors are as follows: damage, age of the dam at birth of the calf; ccg, contemporary group (herd, year, and season); wwc, weaning weight of the cow. The flavours, however, are of real meat. In the case of Weaning Weight-maternal (WW205-M), there were small positive genetic trends in the case of the Afrikaner (+2.2 kg) and the Bonsmara (+3.5 kg), indicating that there was some genetic improvement in the milk production of these two breeds; in contrast, no changes were observed for the Drakensberger and Nguni (Table 2). Unveiling the Environmental Impact of Beef by leveraging - LinkedIn Online at http://gryphon.environdec.com/data/files/6/9730/epd495en%20COOP%20Italia%, Mazzetto AM, Bishop G, Styles D, Arndt C, Brook R, Chadwick D (2020) Comparing the environmental efficiency of milk and beef production through life cycle assessment of interconnected cattle systems. Neser, F. W. C., Erasmus, G. J., and Scholtz, M. M. (2008). Interactive charts on Meat and Dairy Production Related research entries Seafood production - fish and seafood is another key source of protein and nutrition for populations across the world. The genetic- and environmental trends were estimated for 205-day Weaning Weight (direct and maternal) of the calf (WW205) over a period of 30 years and for MCW over a period of 25 years, for the four landrace breeds (Afrikaner, Bonsmara, Drakensberger, and Nguni) using the model indicated below. However, there is good news for those who want to be more sustainable but cant or dont want to remove all animal products from their plates. Do indigenous Southern African cattle breeds have the right genetics for commercial production of quality meat? The role of productivity in improving the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems. University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Cashew Nuts: The Hidden Cost of Production, Problems With Palm Oil | Cost of Production, sustainability labels and how they need to change. The genetic trends for direct weaning weight in the Afrikaner, Bonsmara, and Drakensberger were +6.7, +11.7, and +6.2 kg, respectively. The performance and pedigree data of seed stock animals of the four landrace breeds (Afrikaner, Bonsmara, Drakensberger, and Nguni), over a period of 2530 years were used to estimate the genetic and environmental trends. Sci. This can probably be attributed to the culling of cows that exceeded a certain ICP, or better management and the application of breed standards with respect to maximum ICP's. Insight into the genetic composition of South African Sanga cattle using SNP data from cattle breeds worldwide. Livestock Sci 128:111, Gerber PJ, Henderson B, Opio C, Mottet A, Steinfeld H (2013) Tackling climate change through livestocka global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities. Sci. 10, 1720. Entry-points for environmental sustainability improvement are discussed within this broader development context. Breed Characterization Studies in Namibia. Read more aboutsustainability labels and how they need to change. Environmental Impact of Beef Production Systems. PLF introduces many new challenges and questions that must be resolved. What's the beef with cows and the climate crisis? Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. (2016) and Mokolobate et al. Animals 2:127143, Stackhouse-Lawson KR, Rotz CA, Oltjen JW, Mitloehner FM (2012) Carbon footprint and ammonia emissions of California beef production systems. Research is currently focused on greenhouse gas . Livest. Frahm, R. R., and Marshall, D. M. (1985). eCollection 2022 Feb. Galyean appreciation club review: a holistic perspective of the societal relevance of beef production and its impacts on climate change. Breeding for optimal total life cycle production systems, in Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Sheep and Beef Cattle Breeding (Pretoria), 444454. Our meat consumption habits take a serious toll on the environment. Environmental impacts of beef production: Review of challenges and J Anim Sci. 2013 Jan;1:469-89. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103727. In: Pertsova CC (ed) Ecological economics research trends. Researchers from Virginia Tech's School of Animal Sciences analyzed global data to better understand the holistic role of the dairy and meat . One possible reason for this may be a lack of data, especially in the case of the Nguni where the level of recording is low. J. Poore & T. Nemecek (2018) Reducing foods environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science. . Despite environmental trade-offs, dairy milk is a critical, low-impact J. Anim. (2017). McDonald's Struggles to Fix Its Massive Methane Problem Explaining the principle of large stock units and its implications on grazing capacity. (2011) . doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.07.014, Scholtz, M. M., Mokolobate, M. C., Jordaan, F. J., Neser, F. W. C., and Theunissen, A. 5, 106119. This resulted in a decrease in the carbon footprint, as defined by the enteric methane emissions factor, of between 6.6 and 12.0%. Grazing animals require a lot of land, which is often cleared through the felling of forests, as well as.
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